Maksutov's design notes from 1941 explored the possibility of a 'folded' Cassegrain-type construction with a secondary silvered "spot" on the convex side of the meniscus facing the primary mirror. Light path in a typical "Gregory" or "spot" Maksutov–Cassegrain. Most commercial manufacturers usually stop at 180 mm (7 in). Most types use full-aperture correctors and are therefore not very large, since the corrector plate rapidly becomes prohibitively large, heavy and expensive as the aperture increases, with very long cool-down times to reach optimal optical performance. There are many Maksutov designs that use a Cassegrain configuration, mounting a convex secondary mirror near the focus of the primary mirror.
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This led to professional and amateur designers almost immediately experimenting with variations, including Newtonian, Cassegrain, and wide-field camera designs. in May 1944 in a paper written by Maksutov entitled New Catadioptric Meniscus Systems. Maksutov's design for a meniscus telescope was the first to be published, appearing in the Journal of the Optical Society of America Vol.
Wartime secrecy kept these inventors from knowing about each other's designs, leading to each being an independent invention. Penning and Dennis Gabor (a catadioptric non-monocentric design). Similar independent meniscus telescope designs were also patented in 1941: Albert Bouwers (his 1941 concentric meniscus telescope), K. Maksutov came up with the unique idea using an "achromatic corrector", a corrector made of a single type of glass with a weak negative meniscus shape that departed from the pure concentric spherical symmetrical shape to correct chromatic aberration. Maksutov is described as patenting his design in May, August, or October 1941 and building a "Maksutov– Gregorian"-style prototype in October 1941. Maksutov claimed to have come up with the idea of replacing the complex Schmidt corrector plate with an all-spherical "meniscus corrector plate" while riding in a train of refugees from Leningrad. Maksutov seems to have picked up the idea again in 1941 war-torn Europe as a variation on an earlier design that paired a spherical mirror with a negative lens, Bernhard Schmidt's 1931 " Schmidt Camera". His notes from that time on the function of Mangin mirrors, an early catadioptric spotlight reflector consisting of negative lens with silvering on the back side, include a sketch of Mangin mirror with the mirror part and the negative lens separated into two elements. Maksutov telescopes have been sold on the amateur market since the 1950s.ĭmitri Maksutov may have been working with the idea of pairing a spherical primary mirror in conjunction with a negative meniscus lens as far back as 1936. The design is most commonly seen in a Cassegrain variation, with an integrated secondary, that can use all-spherical elements, thereby simplifying fabrication. Maksutov based his design on the idea behind the Schmidt camera of using the spherical errors of a negative lens to correct the opposite errors in a spherical primary mirror. It was patented in 1941 by Russian optician Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov. The design corrects the problems of off-axis aberrations such as coma found in reflecting telescopes while also correcting chromatic aberration.
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The negative lens is usually full diameter and placed at the entrance pupil of the telescope (commonly called a "corrector plate" or " meniscus corrector shell"). The Maksutov is a catadioptric telescope design that combines a spherical mirror with a weakly negative meniscus lens in a design that takes advantage of all the surfaces being nearly "spherically symmetrical".
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